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Informational

MIG vs. TIG vs. Arc Welding: Comparison Table

welding performing tig welding
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When it comes to welding, there are several techniques to choose from, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

The most common types of welding are MIG (Metal Inert Gas) and Arc Welding, each with unique features that make them suitable for different applications.

In this blog, we will break down the differences between MIG, TIG, and Arc welding to help you determine which method is best for your welding project.

mig vs tig welding electrode comparison

The main difference between MIG and TIG is the type of electrode used. In MIG welding a consumable wire electrode is used to join the metal. TIG welding uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and a separate filler rod to join the metal, while Arc welding is a technique that uses an electric arc to melt and join two metals. MIG and TIG Both are considered to be Arc welding techniques.

mig vs tig vs arc welding

Comparison Summary

CriteriaMIG WeldingTIG Welding
Strength??
Speed??
Cost-effectiveness??
Versatility??
Safety??
Appearance??
Weld quality??
Skill level required??
Environmental impact??
Accessibility??
mig vs tig comparison table

Note: More detailed comparison later in this article

Arc Welding

Arc welding is a popular and versatile joining technique that involves the use of an electric arc to melt and fuse metals.

The process is widely used across a range of industries, including construction, automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace.

How Arc Welding Works?

Arc welding employs an electric arc to generate heat, which is used to melt the metal at the joint of two workpieces.

The arc is generated by a direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current from a power source. Which is conducted through an electrode to the base material.

The electrode may be a consumable or non-consumable type. In consumable electrode welding, the electrode melts and supplies filler metal to the weld pool.

arc welding illustration

In non-consumable electrode welding, such as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, the electrode does not melt, and the filler material is added separately. The molten metal solidifies to create a metallurgical bond after cooling.

Shielding gas or slag is used to protect the weld pool from atmospheric contamination, such as oxygen and nitrogen.

Oxygen and nitrogen can chemically react with the molten metal, leading to porosity and incomplete fusion in the weld.

Shielding gas helps to create an inert atmosphere around the weld area, ensuring that the molten metal remains protected from the atmosphere.

Current Types

There are two types of current that can be used in arc welding.

  • Direct Current (DC)
  • Alternating Current (AC)

In DC, current flows in one direction, resulting in the formation of magnetic fields. These magnetic fields can cause the arc to move, resulting in an arc blow.

DC arc welding provides a smooth, controllable arc that is suitable for thin materials, and the welds are typically “prettier” and produce less spatter.

AC current, on the other hand, oscillates, preventing the formation of organized magnetic fields that can cause arc blow.

AC arc welding is less expensive and penetrates well, making it ideal for thick materials, such as those used in shipbuilding.

AC also works well with metals like aluminum, which have a troublesome oxide layer on their surface.

Types of Arc Welding

There are two main types of arc welding:

  • Consumable Electrode Methods
  • Non-Consumable Electrode Methods

Consumable Electrode Methods

1- Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and metal inert gas welding (MIG) use consumable electrodes that are shielded from contamination using a shielding gas.

Shielding gas protects the weld pool from atmospheric contamination and maintains an inert atmosphere around the weld area.

2- Manual metal arc welding (MMAW) or stick welding is a popular method for welding ferrous and non-ferrous materials.

The arc is struck between the metal rod (electrode flux coated) and the workpiece, and both the rod and workpiece surface melt to form a weld pool.

The flux coating on the rod will simultaneously melt and produce gas and slag thus shielding the weld pool from the atmosphere.

3- Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) is a substitute for MMAW that uses a continuously fed consumable flux-cored electrode and a constant voltage power source.

FCAW maintains a constant arc length and uses a shielding gas or merely the gas produced by the flux to avoid contamination.

Non-Consumable Electrode Methods

1- Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to create the arc and an inert shielding gas is used to protect the weld pool from atmospheric contamination.

TIG welding is suitable for welding thin materials and producing high-quality welds.

2- Plasma arc welding (PAW) is a similar process to TIG welding, where an electric arc is created between an anode and a non-consumable electrode inside the torch’s body.

The electric arc ionizes the gas in the torch to produce plasma, which is then forced through a small borehole in the anode and onto the base plate.

MIG Welding

MIG welding, also known as wire welding or gas metal arc welding (GMAW), is a popular method of arc welding.

It involves using a continuously fed wire electrode and a shielding gas to protect the weld pool from atmospheric gases that can weaken or damage the weld.

How MIG Welding Works?

MIG Welding

The MIG welding process involves using a MIG welder that accepts the electrode from the user and feeds it into the MIG welding gun, which is held by the user.

An arc inside the gun melts the electrode, allowing it to be deposited onto the parent metal, creating a weld.

The shielding gas, usually argon, is directed over the weld pool by the gun to protect it from atmospheric gases.

TIG Welding

TIG welding, also known as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), is a welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to create an electric arc for welding.

This electrode has an extremely high melting point, which allows it to heat other metals to their melting points without melting itself.

This makes it ideal for welding thin metals, as it allows for precise control over the heat input.

How TIG Welding Works?

TIG Welding

During TIG welding, a shielding gas is continuously applied to the welding area to prevent impurities from contaminating the weld.

The most commonly used shielding gases are argon and helium, as they do not react with molten metals.

These gases also prevent the weld from coming into contact with the air, which can contain gases that can compromise the strength and appearance of the weld.

In contrast, to stick welding, where the electrode supplies the filler metal, TIG welding uses a separate filler metal rod to apply filler metal to the weld.

This allows for greater control over the amount and placement of filler metal and can result in a higher-quality weld.

TIG welding is commonly used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing, where high-quality welds are essential.

It is also popular among hobbyists and DIY enthusiasts, as it allows for precise control over the welding process and can produce high-quality results.

Comparison of MIG and TIG Welding

CriteriaMIG WeldingTIG Welding
Electrode UsedConsumable Non-Consumable
Filler MaterialContinuously fed through the gun Added separately
StrengthGoodExcellent
SpeedFastSlow
Cost-effectivenessAffordableExpensive
VersatilityVersatileHighly versatile
SafetyHazardousSafer
AppearanceRoughNeat
Weld qualityGoodHigh-quality
Maintenance RequiredHigh MaintenanceLow Maintenance
Skill level requiredEasyDifficult
Environmental impactPollutingEco-friendly
AccessibilityWidely availableLess accessible
mig vs tig welding comparison table

TIG welding uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to create an arc, and filler material is added separately.

On the other hand, MIG welding uses a continuously fed wire electrode and a shielding gas to protect the weld pool from atmospheric gases.

TIG welding produces high-quality welds suitable for thin materials. It is also suitable for welding a variety of metals and thicknesses, making it a versatile method.

However, TIG welding can be difficult to master and requires a high level of skill and experience.

It may also result in porosity, incomplete fusion, or other defects if not done correctly.

MIG welding is a fast and efficient method, making it popular in industrial applications.

It is also easy to learn and use, and compatible with various metal thicknesses.

However, MIG welding requires more maintenance and is more expensive than other welding methods. It is also challenging to perform outside and less portable.

Comparison between Metal Types and Thicknesses

Type of MetalThickness Range for MIG WeldingThickness Range for TIG Welding
Steel24 gauge to 1 inch (0.6 mm to 25.4 mm)24 gauge to 3/8 inch (0.6 mm to 9.5 mm)
Stainless Steel24 gauge to 1/2 inch (0.6 mm to 12.7 mm)24 gauge to 1/4 inch (0.6 mm to 6.4 mm)
Aluminum14 gauge to 1/2 inch (1.6 mm to 12.7 mm)14 gauge to 1/4 inch (1.6 mm to 6.4 mm)
Copper16 gauge to 1/4 inch (1.6 mm to 6.4 mm)16 gauge to 1/4 inch (1.6 mm to 6.4 mm)
Nickel alloys22 gauge to 1/2 inch (0.6 mm to 12.7 mm)22 gauge to 1/4 inch (0.6 mm to 6.4 mm)

Are MIG and TIG Both Arc Welding?

Both MIG (Metal Inert Gas) and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding are forms of arc welding.

In MIG welding, a consumable wire electrode is fed through a MIG gun and a shielding gas is used to protect the weld from atmospheric contamination. An electric arc is created between the wire and the workpiece, melting the wire and fusing it to the workpiece.

In TIG welding, a non-consumable tungsten electrode is used to create an arc, which is protected by an inert gas shield. The weld pool is formed by adding a filler metal to the workpiece, which is melted by the heat of the arc.

Both MIG and TIG welding use an electric arc to create heat, which is used to melt and fuse metal. However, the process and equipment used in each method are different. MIG welding is typically faster and easier to learn, while TIG welding produces a higher quality, more precise weld.

Conclusion

In summary, TIG welding produces high-quality welds but requires skill and experience, while MIG welding is fast and efficient but is more expensive and requires more maintenance. The choice between the two depends on the specific welding needs and the skill level of the welder.

Informational

How to Weld If You Have Long Hair? Pro Welder’s Tips

long hair man holding welding helmet
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Any welding operation that you perform puts you and anyone else in the area in danger of a number of different things. As a result, it is completely reasonable for you to be concerned about preventing your hair from becoming entangled in any welding equipment and posing a threat to your health. In this article, I will talk about how you can safely weld if you have long hair.

If you want to weld while having long hair, a French braid is the best option for keeping your hair together. This will help you in tying your hair and hold it together behind your neck. The French braid should keep the hair compact and close to your head’s shape, and it also allows you to wear a welding helmet. As a result, you will be able to wear full safety equipment.

When you are dealing with hot weld spatters, having long hair can present a particularly difficult challenge. Therefore, if you are interested in learning more about how you can safely weld with long hair, continue reading the rest of this article, where I will discuss the topic in greater detail and share some helpful hints.

How Your Long Hair Can be an Issue While Welding?

Welding procedures, as I indicated earlier, expose the operator as well as anybody else in the vicinity of the workplace to a wide variety of risks. A project involving welding presents a number of potential dangers and threats; it is important that you be aware of these issues in order to protect not only yourself but also others around you. Especially when dealing with spatters, it is easy for things to go wrong if you have long hair.

Before we look at all of the tips you may weld with long hair, we need to first understand the potential risks you run and everything that might go wrong. Long hair poses a unique set of challenges when it comes to welding. A few are mentioned below:

  • Spatters are your hair’s worst enemy.
  • UV rays can permanently damage your hair.
  • With long hair, grinders can cause serious accidents.

Let’s look at these problems one by one:

1. Take Spatters Seriously 

The spatter, sparks, and heat generated by the arc provides the greatest challenge throughout the welding process since they may travel up to 35 feet and enter any nearby place. You will want to provide enough protection for your long hair if you are going to be in an atmosphere like this.

Not just your hair, but everything else that might catch fire should be kept at least 35 feet away from the welding location. In addition, a fire extinguisher should never be far away. In the event that a fire breaks out.

2. UV Rays Can Damage Your Hair Permanently

Molten metals, welding arcs, and ultraviolet radiation will be present in the work environment while welding is being done. The interaction of all these factors puts you at an increased risk of serious burns. The actual welding arc may reach temperatures of up to 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, making it one of the hottest processes possible.

And believe me when I say that you do not want that welding arc to get anywhere near your hair. Your hair will suffer a significant amount of damage as a result, and it is possible that it could even be burned.

3. Grinder Can Give You Nightmares

The usage of grinders is another factor that may create issues for your lengthy hair. Using grinders and welding go hand in hand when working with metals. Therefore, if you are a welder, you will most likely make extensive use of the grinder. And grinders are really your worst enemy when it comes to your long hair.

When you’re working, you can find yourself crouching over a grinder, which can cause serious accidents if you don’t protect your hair properly.

Tips from a Pro Welder to Protect Your Long Hair When Welding

Now you know what the most obvious dangers that you have when welding with long hair. The next step is to tell you how you can keep yourself safe from those dangers.

Here are a few of the tips that you can consider:

  • Braid your hair while welding
  • Put your hair in a tight knot behind your neck
  • Consider buying a welding cap
  • You can use a bandana too if you are a bandana lover

Let’s discuss these tips one by one:

Braid hair woman welding

1. Braiding is the Best Option You Have

Welding hoods, helmets, or shields will provide the optimum amount of protection from any sparks, heat, UV rays, flash burns, or infrared light that may be present. They will protect not only your face and neck but also your eyes and hair. As a result, I feel that acquiring one is the best approach to protecting oneself.

Welding hoods are often made of cotton or leather and are rather light in weight and can go easily along with helmets. Make sure that whichever helmet you decide to purchase, is not too heavy and that it is comfortable to wear. It must also include a spatter barrier, the ability to be modified, a sensor bar, and the availability of replacement components.

2. You Can Simply Put Your Hair in a Tigh Knot

The most conventional and easiest technique for a welder operator to keep their long hair out of their face is to pull it back into a tight bun. Wrap an elastic band over your buns and secure them in place to prevent them from falling on your face.

If there are any unruly hairs, just use bobby pins to push them up and you should be OK. Anything that prevents your hair from falling on your face will suffice.

3. Consider Buying a Welding Cap

A welding cap is a good option if you want something that is both lightweight and comfortable. It must adequately shield your head from any hot metal, sparks, or splatters that may be present.

Not only they are effective in protecting your hair, but they are also made completely of cotton, making them incredibly breathable and also preventing sweat from pouring down your eyebrows while working.

4. Bandana is Another Option That You Can Use

Braids are not easy to create for everyone, and they may even be difficult to perform on a regular basis. If you don’t know how to braid my easiest suggestion would be to put a bandana over your head and tuck all of your hair within.

When welding, sparks will fly everywhere, and this will keep you safe. Make use of bobby pins or a bun to tuck in all of the ends. Bandanas aren’t my first choice for headgear. But it works. It’s a good option to have in case you don’t know how to braid your hair.

Few Other Safety Measures That You Need to Take

In addition to your hair, there are a few other parts of your body that need your attention. Some of these essential measures for ensuring your safety are listed below:

  • Protect your eyes at all cost
  • Always keep a fire extinguisher in your shop
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Make habit of using respirators
  • Beware of leakages in your welding system
  • Keep your welding space clean

Let’s discuss them one by one:

1. Protect your eyes at all cost

Be sure to always wear safety glasses in your workplace to protect your eyes from flying debris, which is often composed of metal. If you routinely do welding tasks, you will be exposed to a significant amount of flying debris.

You should make it a routine to put them on as soon as you come in the door; this will ensure that you are protected at all times.

2. Always keep a fire extinguisher in your shop

You shouldn’t be shocked if anything catches fire at some time during a welding operation because of all of the intense heat and sparks that are produced throughout the process. Because fires are a very real risk, you should always have an extinguisher on hand in case one breaks out.

3. Wear protective clothing

If you’ve ever imagined yourself beginning your first welding project in a pair of shorts, an old t-shirt, and a pair of flip-flops, you should rethink that idea. Wearing the necessary protective clothing at all times when welding is required if you wish to prevent injuries to your body, notably burns, that may be caused by the process.

4. Make habit of using respirators

You should always wear a respirator if you are going to be dealing with metals or any other materials that have the potential to emit harmful vapors.

Welding or cutting certain materials may produce a welding plume, which is a combination of hazardous gases, fumes, and smoke. This is not the type of thing you want to breathe in if you want to keep your lungs healthy and prevent respiratory issues.

If you are interested in knowing more about respirators and their types, please check out my other article.

5. Beware of leakages in your welding system

There is a good chance that you have pressurized containers in your welding shop that hold liquids or gases. Take extra precautions to check that none of those containers or the items that you are attaching to them have any leaks in them.

See my other article to know more about leakages and how to detect them.

6. Maintain your equipment

If you want to establish the safest possible working environment for your welding projects, you need to give your equipment a lot of TLC and make sure it’s in good operating order at all times. If your welding equipment and tools are in disrepair, an accident is almost waiting to happen every time you use them. However, the vast majority of incidents of this kind are avoidable if proper care is taken with the equipment.

Wrapping it Up

When it comes to welding, safety is the most important thing to keep in mind at all times. Because because welding involves a significant amount of fire and spatters, it is essential that you take a significant amount of precaution to protect your hair. I really hope that you’ll be able to keep your hair under control while welding thanks to the advice that’s been provided in this article.

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Weld Types

Different Welding Methods: Applications of Each Method

welding techinques
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Welding is joining two pieces of metal together by melting and cooling them until they become one piece. Welding processes include:

  • Oxyacetylene welding
  • Shielded metal arc welding (Stick)
  • Gas tungsten arc welding (TIG)
  • Gas metal arc welding (MIG)
  • Flux-cored arc welding
  • Torch or oxyfuel brazing

Some methods employ both heat and pressure, while others employ only heat. Welding is commonly used to construct automobiles, airplanes, and buildings. Other metal-cutting methods, such as oxy-acetylene and plasma arc cutting, use heat or electricity to cut through metal.

1. Oxyacetylene welding

Oxyacetylene welding (OAW) is a method of joining two pieces of metal using heat generated by the combustion of oxygen and acetylene gas.

Torch brazing (TB) is similar, but the metal is not completely melted. Instead, a special alloy is melted and used to join the two metal pieces.

Oxyfuel gas cutting (OFC) is a method of cutting metal that uses the same tools and gases as OAW and TB.

To generate heat and bond the metal, all of these methods employ a torch and special gases. They are frequently used on small or thin metal pieces.

Applications:

  • Welding and brazing thin or small pieces of metal
  • Welding and brazing dissimilar metals
  • Cutting and piercing metal

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel
  • Welding in high wind or outdoor conditions (due to the open flame)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)

2. Shielded metal arc welding (Stick)

Shielded metal arc welding, or SMAW, is a way of welding metal together using an electrode that is coated with a special kind of flux.

The electrode melts and becomes a part of the welded metal. To do SMAW welding, you need a transformer, two welding cables, a work clamp, and an electrode holder.

There are many different types of electrodes you can use for SMAW welding, so you can choose the one that is best for your project. With SMAW welding, you can join different types and thicknesses of metal using the same machine.

Applications:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding in outdoor conditions
  • Welding in dirty or contaminated environments
  • Welding on dirty or painted surfaces

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal (more suited for TIG welding)
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel (can affect the quality of the weld)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)

3. Gas tungsten arc welding

GTAW, or gas tungsten arc welding, is a method of joining metal using a tungsten electrode. The tungsten electrode generates an electric arc, which melts the metal being welded as well as the end of the filler metal, which is manually applied.

Shielding gas is emitted from the welding gun to protect the molten weld metal from dirt and other contaminants. A foot or thumb switch can be added to the GTAW equipment to help the welder better control the welding.

GTAW welding produces very clean, high-quality welds, but it is slower and requires more skill than other welding methods. It is particularly useful for joining metal alloys that can only be joined with GTAW.

Applications:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel
  • Welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas)
  • Welding materials with high levels of contaminants or impurities
  • Welding in high-precision environments

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal (more suited for MIG welding)
  • Welding in high production environments (slower process)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)

4. Gas metal arc welding (MIG)

Mig welding is a type of arc welding that uses a continuously supplied wire electrode and gas to weld metal together.

It is becoming more popular because it is easier to learn than other types of welding, like stick and tig welding, and it is faster because you don’t have to stop and change the electrode as often.

Mig welding also creates less slag and spatter, which makes it more enjoyable to use and easier to clean up.

However, MIG welding equipment is more expensive and the MIG gun, which is the portable part of the equipment, can be difficult to use in small spaces. Mig welding also requires a shielding gas to work, so it is not as good for outdoor use.

Applications:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel
  • Welding in high-production environments
  • Welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas)

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal (more suited for TIG welding)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)
  • Welding materials with high levels of contaminants or impurities (can affect the quality of the weld)

5. Flux-cored arc welding

Flux-cored arc welding, or FCAW, is a method of joining metal using a special type of electrode wire known as a flux core wire.

The wire is fed from a spool continuously through the welding equipment and out of the gun. The welding current flows through the equipment, melting the wire and the base metal.

Some flux core wires generate their own shielding gas as they melt, while others require the use of additional shielding gas. As the wire melts, it produces a gaseous cloud that shields the weld surface and removes impurities from the molten metal.

After the weld is completed, a layer of slag must be removed from the weld’s top. Despite this additional step, FCAW is a popular welding technique because it produces high-quality welds quickly and is very versatile.

FCAW equipment is similar to that used in gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and both methods are semiautomatic, which means that the wire is fed automatically but the welder moves the gun manually. Welding supply stores and other retailers stock FCAW equipment and filler metals.

Applications:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas)
  • Welding in high-production environments
  • Welding in dirty or contaminated environments

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal (more suited for TIG welding)
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel (can affect the quality of the weld)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)

Comparison Table:

Welding ProcessApplicationsSituations to Avoid
Oxyacetylene weldingWelding and brazing thin or small pieces of metal; welding and brazing dissimilar metals; cutting and piercing metalWelding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in high wind or outdoor conditions; welding in confined spaces
Shielded metal arc welding (Stick)Welding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in outdoor conditions; welding in dirty or contaminated environments; welding on dirty or painted surfacesWelding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
Gas tungsten arc welding (TIG)Welding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas); welding materials with high levels of contaminants or impurities; welding in high-precision environmentsWelding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in high production environments; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
Gas metal arc welding (MIG)Welding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in high production environments; welding in outdoor conditions; welding on dirty or painted surfacesWelding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
Flux-cored arc weldingWelding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in high production environments; welding in outdoor conditions; welding on dirty or painted surfacesWelding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
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