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Best Amperage Settings for Stick Welding [Download Chart]

best amperage setting for stick welding
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Selecting the correct amperage setting can be very difficult for beginners as there are a lot of things that influence the amperage. So in this article, I will discuss in detail how you can select the right amperage setting for your stick welding machine.

The choice of polarity and amperage depends on the type of metal being welded, its thickness, and the welding electrode. How much electricity flows each second is controlled by the amperage, which also affects how much penetration there is. How good the weld bead is depends a lot on how much amperage is used.

Effects of Amperage Settings on Stick Welding

The effect on the shape of the molten weld pool caused by the heat input 1

Amperage setting is very critical to weld quality as it directly affects the shape of the weld pool. There is a certain range of current (amperage) that must be used with welding electrodes for them to work well.

To get good welds, you must set the welding current within the range suggested by the manufacturer for the electrode type and diameter.

Let’s discuss in more detail how the Amperage amount can affect the weld quality.

Too Low Amperage Setting Results in Poor Fusion

welding with amperage set too low

If there isn’t enough welding current, the arc won’t stay steady, and the weld won’t be very good. Because the molten weld pool didn’t stay liquid long enough for the flux to react, the weld may have slag or gas in it.

There’s also a chance that the weld doesn’t go all the way through the base plate. When there isn’t enough current, the length of the arc is cut down by a lot.

When the length of the arc is too short, the electrode tends to short out and get stuck.

Too High Amperage Setting Results in Spatter

welding with amperage set too high

The core wire of the welding electrode can only withstand so much voltage. Due to electrical resistance, increasing the current causes the wire to heat up.

Because of the wire’s preheating, some of the coating’s compounds are prematurely burned off. Arc stability worsens when the proper proportions of materials are altered. As a consequence, there will spatter, porosity, and slag inclusions.

A larger, flatter and more penetrating weld bead comes from high-amperage welding. The spatter is generally hard, and at greater amperage levels, it may develop.

hard weld spatter fused to base

Hard spatter gets its moniker because it hardens immediately after making contact with the base plate, making cleaning difficult.

The electrode’s coating is discolored to the extent of 1/8 in. (3 mm) to 1/4 in. (6 mm). If the settings are too high, the electrode may burn, glow red, shatter, or change color.

Electrode Types Used in Stick Welding

  • E6010
  • E6011
  • E6012
  • E6013
  • E7016
  • E7018

Amperage Settings Chart for Stick Welding

[table id= 27/]

Setting up a Welder for Stick Welding

Preparing your stick welding machine for the task is the same regardless of the kind of stick welding project you’re working on. Things that you should do for setting up your welder are listed below:

Step 1: Ensure all cables are securely fastened to the machine and check for any signs of wear.

Step 2: When utilizing DC stick welding equipment, be sure the polarity is adjusted correctly for the electrode you’re working with. (More details in the next headings).

Step 3: Adjust the machine’s current to the amount required for the electrode you’re dealing with using the Chart above and taking the size of the electrode into account.

In stick welding, establishing the appropriate amperage is crucial. Due to its connection with the machine’s electrical output, amperage directly affects the thermal load. More electricity and heat are produced with higher amperage.

When determining the appropriate amperage, the operating range recommended for the electrode is by far the most important factor to consider.

You should take the amperage working range listed on the box or label of every electrode extremely seriously. Because manufacturers of the electrodes establish the parameters after analyzing years of data and conducting countless tests.

Choosing the Right Polarity Setting

You have three options available when selecting the polarity type when stick welding:

  1. Alternating Current (AC)
  2. Direct Current (DC- or DCEN)
  3. Direct Current Electrode Positive (DC+ or DCEP)

1. Alternating Current (AC)

Welding current flows uniformly from the electrode to the work when an alternating current is used because the electricity changes directions 120 times per second.

Because the current’s heat is distributed equally between the work and the electrode, the resulting weld bead is optimal in terms of both build-up (how far above the parent material’s surface the bead rises) and penetration (how far into the joint the molten metal travels).

2. Direct Current (DC- or DCEN)

Since DC- involves a negative charge, the electrode will be negatively charged while the work will be positively charged. About 2/3 of the energy is transferred to the work, while the remaining part is absorbed by the electrode.

Since DC- rapidly depletes electrodes, it should only be used when welding thick plates in the flat position (more on welding positions later in this chapter).

3. Direct Current Electrode Positive (DC+ or DCEP)

When it comes to polarity, I recommend DC+. To get the most out of your electrodes and deposit the weld precisely where it needs to be, employ DC+, in which your electrode is positively charged and the material you’re working on is negatively charged.

Two-thirds of the heat generated by DC+ is stored in the electrode, while the operation itself generates the other third. If possible in your line of business, you should always go for DC+.

How to Adjust the Right Amperage Setting?

The machine’s amperage indicates the magnitude of the power it generates. The topic of amperage is discussed in further depth later on.

Stick welding beginners should start with an amperage setting in the center of the range recommended for a given electrode.

For instance, if the instructions for a certain electrode state that the welding machine’s amperage should be between 90 and 100, then 95 is about appropriate.

As soon as you begin welding, you’ll have a good idea of whether you need to increase or decrease the amperage (while still being within the range recommended for the electrode, of course).

The amperage should be decreased if the electrode becomes too hot, and increased if it becomes stuck. If the metal you’re welding appears to be melting too rapidly or if you’re able to burn holes in your parent metal (the piece you’re welding), then your electrode is probably too hot.

Changing the Amperage Settings During Welding?

Don’t feel as if you have to stick with a certain amperage once you begin a welding job; you can always change the amperage on your machine.

The ideal amperage level for you on a particular stick welding job can’t be determined by any strict criteria. It just takes a few adjustments to the setting before you find the amperage sweet spot, and that comes with practice.

Warning: When your electrode is producing an arc, don’t alter the current settings. A change in the setting could lead to arcing inside the machine, which would harm it.

Relationship Between Electrode Size and Amperage

The ability of the welder, the thickness of the metal to be welded, the Amperage value, and welding rules or standards all play a role in choosing the right size welding electrode for a weld.

To stay relevant to this article we will only discuss, how the diameter of an electrode directly affects the value of the Amperage that you select.

Small Diameter Electrodes Require Less Amperage

Because the molten weld pool is smaller and simpler to regulate, utilizing smaller diameter electrodes needs less expertise than using larger diameter electrodes.

When using short-diameter electrodes, the quantity of current needed and the deposition rate are also slower. On a thick plate, small diameter electrodes will produce adequate welds, but the process will take longer.

Large Diameter Electrodes Require More Amperage

A greater amount of current is needed to melt metal with electrodes of larger diameter. And if you use them with thin or little bits of metal, or if the Amperage setting is too high, the metal might overheat.

It is possible to tell whether a weld is excessively hot by observing the form of the pool’s trailing edge. Ripples that aren’t sharp and wide suggest that the weld is cooling evenly.

When the ripples are sharp, it means that the weld is cooling at an abnormally sluggish rate. If the temperature becomes too high, a burn-through may occur. There is nothing that can be done to fix a burn-through once it has happened.

Setting up Your Helmet Shade According to Amperage Setting

Stick welding produces different types of sparks at different current values. So it is important to know how much of a shade you need for the selected amperage value. Below is the table that will help you select the right shade for your helmet.

[table id= 28/]

Wrapping it Up

Choosing the right amount of amperage is not as difficult as it may seem. A number of factors, including the kind of welding, is performed, the base material being welded, the welding process, and the electrode, all play a role in determining the appropriate amperage to be utilized.

Keeping these primary considerations in mind, determining the appropriate amperage required for your weld should be a breeze. Always remember that you may consult a wide variety of resources, including the internet, libraries, and, my personal favorite, welding supply shops if you continue to have questions.

? Download Stick Welding Amperage Chart Pdf

Informational

How to Weld If You Have Long Hair? Pro Welder’s Tips

long hair man holding welding helmet
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Any welding operation that you perform puts you and anyone else in the area in danger of a number of different things. As a result, it is completely reasonable for you to be concerned about preventing your hair from becoming entangled in any welding equipment and posing a threat to your health. In this article, I will talk about how you can safely weld if you have long hair.

If you want to weld while having long hair, a French braid is the best option for keeping your hair together. This will help you in tying your hair and hold it together behind your neck. The French braid should keep the hair compact and close to your head’s shape, and it also allows you to wear a welding helmet. As a result, you will be able to wear full safety equipment.

When you are dealing with hot weld spatters, having long hair can present a particularly difficult challenge. Therefore, if you are interested in learning more about how you can safely weld with long hair, continue reading the rest of this article, where I will discuss the topic in greater detail and share some helpful hints.

How Your Long Hair Can be an Issue While Welding?

Welding procedures, as I indicated earlier, expose the operator as well as anybody else in the vicinity of the workplace to a wide variety of risks. A project involving welding presents a number of potential dangers and threats; it is important that you be aware of these issues in order to protect not only yourself but also others around you. Especially when dealing with spatters, it is easy for things to go wrong if you have long hair.

Before we look at all of the tips you may weld with long hair, we need to first understand the potential risks you run and everything that might go wrong. Long hair poses a unique set of challenges when it comes to welding. A few are mentioned below:

  • Spatters are your hair’s worst enemy.
  • UV rays can permanently damage your hair.
  • With long hair, grinders can cause serious accidents.

Let’s look at these problems one by one:

1. Take Spatters Seriously 

The spatter, sparks, and heat generated by the arc provides the greatest challenge throughout the welding process since they may travel up to 35 feet and enter any nearby place. You will want to provide enough protection for your long hair if you are going to be in an atmosphere like this.

Not just your hair, but everything else that might catch fire should be kept at least 35 feet away from the welding location. In addition, a fire extinguisher should never be far away. In the event that a fire breaks out.

2. UV Rays Can Damage Your Hair Permanently

Molten metals, welding arcs, and ultraviolet radiation will be present in the work environment while welding is being done. The interaction of all these factors puts you at an increased risk of serious burns. The actual welding arc may reach temperatures of up to 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, making it one of the hottest processes possible.

And believe me when I say that you do not want that welding arc to get anywhere near your hair. Your hair will suffer a significant amount of damage as a result, and it is possible that it could even be burned.

3. Grinder Can Give You Nightmares

The usage of grinders is another factor that may create issues for your lengthy hair. Using grinders and welding go hand in hand when working with metals. Therefore, if you are a welder, you will most likely make extensive use of the grinder. And grinders are really your worst enemy when it comes to your long hair.

When you’re working, you can find yourself crouching over a grinder, which can cause serious accidents if you don’t protect your hair properly.

Tips from a Pro Welder to Protect Your Long Hair When Welding

Now you know what the most obvious dangers that you have when welding with long hair. The next step is to tell you how you can keep yourself safe from those dangers.

Here are a few of the tips that you can consider:

  • Braid your hair while welding
  • Put your hair in a tight knot behind your neck
  • Consider buying a welding cap
  • You can use a bandana too if you are a bandana lover

Let’s discuss these tips one by one:

Braid hair woman welding

1. Braiding is the Best Option You Have

Welding hoods, helmets, or shields will provide the optimum amount of protection from any sparks, heat, UV rays, flash burns, or infrared light that may be present. They will protect not only your face and neck but also your eyes and hair. As a result, I feel that acquiring one is the best approach to protecting oneself.

Welding hoods are often made of cotton or leather and are rather light in weight and can go easily along with helmets. Make sure that whichever helmet you decide to purchase, is not too heavy and that it is comfortable to wear. It must also include a spatter barrier, the ability to be modified, a sensor bar, and the availability of replacement components.

2. You Can Simply Put Your Hair in a Tigh Knot

The most conventional and easiest technique for a welder operator to keep their long hair out of their face is to pull it back into a tight bun. Wrap an elastic band over your buns and secure them in place to prevent them from falling on your face.

If there are any unruly hairs, just use bobby pins to push them up and you should be OK. Anything that prevents your hair from falling on your face will suffice.

3. Consider Buying a Welding Cap

A welding cap is a good option if you want something that is both lightweight and comfortable. It must adequately shield your head from any hot metal, sparks, or splatters that may be present.

Not only they are effective in protecting your hair, but they are also made completely of cotton, making them incredibly breathable and also preventing sweat from pouring down your eyebrows while working.

4. Bandana is Another Option That You Can Use

Braids are not easy to create for everyone, and they may even be difficult to perform on a regular basis. If you don’t know how to braid my easiest suggestion would be to put a bandana over your head and tuck all of your hair within.

When welding, sparks will fly everywhere, and this will keep you safe. Make use of bobby pins or a bun to tuck in all of the ends. Bandanas aren’t my first choice for headgear. But it works. It’s a good option to have in case you don’t know how to braid your hair.

Few Other Safety Measures That You Need to Take

In addition to your hair, there are a few other parts of your body that need your attention. Some of these essential measures for ensuring your safety are listed below:

  • Protect your eyes at all cost
  • Always keep a fire extinguisher in your shop
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Make habit of using respirators
  • Beware of leakages in your welding system
  • Keep your welding space clean

Let’s discuss them one by one:

1. Protect your eyes at all cost

Be sure to always wear safety glasses in your workplace to protect your eyes from flying debris, which is often composed of metal. If you routinely do welding tasks, you will be exposed to a significant amount of flying debris.

You should make it a routine to put them on as soon as you come in the door; this will ensure that you are protected at all times.

2. Always keep a fire extinguisher in your shop

You shouldn’t be shocked if anything catches fire at some time during a welding operation because of all of the intense heat and sparks that are produced throughout the process. Because fires are a very real risk, you should always have an extinguisher on hand in case one breaks out.

3. Wear protective clothing

If you’ve ever imagined yourself beginning your first welding project in a pair of shorts, an old t-shirt, and a pair of flip-flops, you should rethink that idea. Wearing the necessary protective clothing at all times when welding is required if you wish to prevent injuries to your body, notably burns, that may be caused by the process.

4. Make habit of using respirators

You should always wear a respirator if you are going to be dealing with metals or any other materials that have the potential to emit harmful vapors.

Welding or cutting certain materials may produce a welding plume, which is a combination of hazardous gases, fumes, and smoke. This is not the type of thing you want to breathe in if you want to keep your lungs healthy and prevent respiratory issues.

If you are interested in knowing more about respirators and their types, please check out my other article.

5. Beware of leakages in your welding system

There is a good chance that you have pressurized containers in your welding shop that hold liquids or gases. Take extra precautions to check that none of those containers or the items that you are attaching to them have any leaks in them.

See my other article to know more about leakages and how to detect them.

6. Maintain your equipment

If you want to establish the safest possible working environment for your welding projects, you need to give your equipment a lot of TLC and make sure it’s in good operating order at all times. If your welding equipment and tools are in disrepair, an accident is almost waiting to happen every time you use them. However, the vast majority of incidents of this kind are avoidable if proper care is taken with the equipment.

Wrapping it Up

When it comes to welding, safety is the most important thing to keep in mind at all times. Because because welding involves a significant amount of fire and spatters, it is essential that you take a significant amount of precaution to protect your hair. I really hope that you’ll be able to keep your hair under control while welding thanks to the advice that’s been provided in this article.

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Weld Types

Different Welding Methods: Applications of Each Method

welding techinques
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Welding is joining two pieces of metal together by melting and cooling them until they become one piece. Welding processes include:

  • Oxyacetylene welding
  • Shielded metal arc welding (Stick)
  • Gas tungsten arc welding (TIG)
  • Gas metal arc welding (MIG)
  • Flux-cored arc welding
  • Torch or oxyfuel brazing

Some methods employ both heat and pressure, while others employ only heat. Welding is commonly used to construct automobiles, airplanes, and buildings. Other metal-cutting methods, such as oxy-acetylene and plasma arc cutting, use heat or electricity to cut through metal.

1. Oxyacetylene welding

Oxyacetylene welding (OAW) is a method of joining two pieces of metal using heat generated by the combustion of oxygen and acetylene gas.

Torch brazing (TB) is similar, but the metal is not completely melted. Instead, a special alloy is melted and used to join the two metal pieces.

Oxyfuel gas cutting (OFC) is a method of cutting metal that uses the same tools and gases as OAW and TB.

To generate heat and bond the metal, all of these methods employ a torch and special gases. They are frequently used on small or thin metal pieces.

Applications:

  • Welding and brazing thin or small pieces of metal
  • Welding and brazing dissimilar metals
  • Cutting and piercing metal

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel
  • Welding in high wind or outdoor conditions (due to the open flame)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)

2. Shielded metal arc welding (Stick)

Shielded metal arc welding, or SMAW, is a way of welding metal together using an electrode that is coated with a special kind of flux.

The electrode melts and becomes a part of the welded metal. To do SMAW welding, you need a transformer, two welding cables, a work clamp, and an electrode holder.

There are many different types of electrodes you can use for SMAW welding, so you can choose the one that is best for your project. With SMAW welding, you can join different types and thicknesses of metal using the same machine.

Applications:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding in outdoor conditions
  • Welding in dirty or contaminated environments
  • Welding on dirty or painted surfaces

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal (more suited for TIG welding)
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel (can affect the quality of the weld)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)

3. Gas tungsten arc welding

GTAW, or gas tungsten arc welding, is a method of joining metal using a tungsten electrode. The tungsten electrode generates an electric arc, which melts the metal being welded as well as the end of the filler metal, which is manually applied.

Shielding gas is emitted from the welding gun to protect the molten weld metal from dirt and other contaminants. A foot or thumb switch can be added to the GTAW equipment to help the welder better control the welding.

GTAW welding produces very clean, high-quality welds, but it is slower and requires more skill than other welding methods. It is particularly useful for joining metal alloys that can only be joined with GTAW.

Applications:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel
  • Welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas)
  • Welding materials with high levels of contaminants or impurities
  • Welding in high-precision environments

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal (more suited for MIG welding)
  • Welding in high production environments (slower process)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)

4. Gas metal arc welding (MIG)

Mig welding is a type of arc welding that uses a continuously supplied wire electrode and gas to weld metal together.

It is becoming more popular because it is easier to learn than other types of welding, like stick and tig welding, and it is faster because you don’t have to stop and change the electrode as often.

Mig welding also creates less slag and spatter, which makes it more enjoyable to use and easier to clean up.

However, MIG welding equipment is more expensive and the MIG gun, which is the portable part of the equipment, can be difficult to use in small spaces. Mig welding also requires a shielding gas to work, so it is not as good for outdoor use.

Applications:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel
  • Welding in high-production environments
  • Welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas)

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal (more suited for TIG welding)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)
  • Welding materials with high levels of contaminants or impurities (can affect the quality of the weld)

5. Flux-cored arc welding

Flux-cored arc welding, or FCAW, is a method of joining metal using a special type of electrode wire known as a flux core wire.

The wire is fed from a spool continuously through the welding equipment and out of the gun. The welding current flows through the equipment, melting the wire and the base metal.

Some flux core wires generate their own shielding gas as they melt, while others require the use of additional shielding gas. As the wire melts, it produces a gaseous cloud that shields the weld surface and removes impurities from the molten metal.

After the weld is completed, a layer of slag must be removed from the weld’s top. Despite this additional step, FCAW is a popular welding technique because it produces high-quality welds quickly and is very versatile.

FCAW equipment is similar to that used in gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and both methods are semiautomatic, which means that the wire is fed automatically but the welder moves the gun manually. Welding supply stores and other retailers stock FCAW equipment and filler metals.

Applications:

  • Welding thick or heavy sections of metal
  • Welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas)
  • Welding in high-production environments
  • Welding in dirty or contaminated environments

Situations to Avoid:

  • Welding thin or small pieces of metal (more suited for TIG welding)
  • Welding high alloy or stainless steel (can affect the quality of the weld)
  • Welding in confined spaces (due to the production of harmful gases)
  • Welding in the presence of high winds (due to the electric arc)

Comparison Table:

Welding ProcessApplicationsSituations to Avoid
Oxyacetylene weldingWelding and brazing thin or small pieces of metal; welding and brazing dissimilar metals; cutting and piercing metalWelding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in high wind or outdoor conditions; welding in confined spaces
Shielded metal arc welding (Stick)Welding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in outdoor conditions; welding in dirty or contaminated environments; welding on dirty or painted surfacesWelding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
Gas tungsten arc welding (TIG)Welding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in outdoor conditions (with proper shielding gas); welding materials with high levels of contaminants or impurities; welding in high-precision environmentsWelding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in high production environments; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
Gas metal arc welding (MIG)Welding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in high production environments; welding in outdoor conditions; welding on dirty or painted surfacesWelding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
Flux-cored arc weldingWelding thick or heavy sections of metal; welding in high production environments; welding in outdoor conditions; welding on dirty or painted surfacesWelding thin or small pieces of metal; welding high alloy or stainless steel; welding in confined spaces; welding in the presence of high winds
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